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Learn more about Bing search results hereStructural Guidehttps://www.structuralguide.com/sulfate-attack/Sulfate Attack - What Why Avoid - Structural GuideSulfate attack is the reaction of the sulfate ions with the concrete and producing new formation within the concrete. As a result, the combination of chemical compositions is creat…surveyorsreports.co.ukhttps://www.surveyorsreports.co.uk/sulphateSulphate | Surveyors ReportsSulphate attack on ground floor slabs is a very serious problem which can cause structural damage to the main walls of a building. The problem occurs when the fill material (hardco…olympic-construction.co.ukhttps://www.olympic-construction.co.uk/sulphate-attack/Sulphate Attack | Olympic ConstructionA sulphate attack occurs when the infill material beneath the slab contains sulphates and these are taken up into solution by ground moisture, which then migrates into the concrete… - See more
See all on WikipediaSulfate attack in concrete and mortar - Wikipedia
This is the more common type and typically occurs where groundwater containing dissolved sulfate are in contact with concrete. Sulfate ions diffusing into concrete react with portlandite (CH) to form gypsum: When the concentration of sulfate ions decreases, ettringite breaks down into monosulfate aluminates … See more
Cement hydration and strength development mainly depend on two silicate phases: tricalcium silicate (C3S) (alite), and dicalcium silicate (C2S) (belite). Upon hydration, the main reaction products are See more
Sulfate attacks are identified through a remedial survey but they can often be overlooked when undertaking a damp survey as they can be considered as a structural rather than a dampness issue but moisture is required to promote the reaction. See more
Sulfur has long been known to contribute to damage. This is true for many materials such as metal corrosion, or concrete degradation. In King Lear, Shakespeare says: See more
If gypsum is present in excess in concrete, it reacts with the monosulfate aluminates to form ettringite:
A fairly well-defined reaction front can often be observed in See more• Oxidation of pyrite in clay formations in contact with concrete – this produces sulfuric acid which reacts with concrete.
• Bacterial activity in sewers – anaerobic sulfate reduction at … See moreThe remedial action depends on the severity of the attack and on the risk related to its evolution.
If repairs are … See more• Concrete degradation
• Pitting corrosion (effect of sulfur and sulfides) See moreWikipedia text under CC-BY-SA license Sulphate Attack on Concrete – Process and Control of …
Sulphate attack on concrete is a chemical breakdown mechanism where sulphate ions attack components of the cement paste.
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Sulphate Attack on Concrete and Its Prevention
Learn about the causes, effects and remedies of sulphate attack on concrete, a common phenomenon that leads to disintegration and splintering of hardened rein…
- Estimated Reading Time: 8 mins
Sulfate Attack - What Why Avoid - Structural Guide
What is a Sulfate Attack? Sulfate attack is the reaction of the sulfate ions with the concrete and producing new formation within the concrete. As a result, the combination of chemical compositions is created and they tend to increase the …
Sulfate Attack - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Sulfate attack can lead to expansion, cracking, strength loss, and disintegration of the concrete. Sulfate attack is generally attributed to the reaction of sulfate ions with calcium hydroxide and …
Precautions against sulfate attack - American Concrete Institute
ACI 201.2R recommends and the ACI 318 building code require precautions to prevent damage by sulfate attack when water containing sulfates can come into contact with the concrete. …
Types of Sulphate Attack in Concrete- Influences and …
Learn about the two types of sulphate attack in concrete: internal and external, and how they cause cracking, spalling and loss of strength. Find out the sources of sulphate ions and the solutions to prevent or control sulphate attack.
Sulfate attack in concrete and mortar - Understanding …
Learn about the causes, effects and prevention of sulfate attack in concrete, a type of deterioration caused by sulfates in solution or in the concrete mix. Find out how external, internal and delayed ettringite formation sulfate attack differ and …
Sulfate Attack on Concrete Designer’s Perspective
In this article, we will delve into the world of sulfate attack on reinforced concrete structures, with a particular focus on the structural design aspects. Sulfate attack is a chemical reaction that occurs when sulfates in various forms come into …
HOW TO PROTECT CONCRETE FROM SULPHATE …
Feb 27, 2015 · Sulphates present in soil or water can cause serious damages to concrete. The methods given below can be adopted to protect concrete from sulphate attack. The most efficient method of resisting the sulphate attack is to …
Sulphate Attack on Concrete
Concrete attacked by sulphate has a characteristic whitish appearance. The damage usually starts at edges and corner and is followed by progressive cracking and spalling which reduce the concrete to a friable state or even soft …
Sulphate attack in Concrete, Its Effects, Causes and Prevention
Jul 17, 2016 · Sulphate attack is a chemical break down mechanism where suphate ion attacks on components of cement paste. Sodium Sulphate attacks calcium hydroxide and forms gypsum …
Effect of Sulphate Attack on Durability of Concrete | Concrete …
Usually the sulphate attack starts at the edges and corners, and after wards cracks and spalling of concrete start. The reaction between the hydrated products of cements and water solution of …
Sulfate Attack in Concrete - EMSA
Jun 25, 2023 · Sulfate attack is a significant problem which locally affects concrete and other construction materials. Aqueous solutions of sulfate salts present in certain soils and …
Internal Sulphate Attack: Causes, Effects, and Prevention in …
Internal Sulphate Attack (ISA) is a complex a reaction between sulphates present in the concrete mix and the calcium aluminate of hydrating cement that significantly compromises the integrity …
Sulphate attack - Corrosion and Protection of Reinforced Concrete
Sulphate attack of concrete can be reduced by using low penetrability, low water/cement (water/binder) ratio concrete and a Sulphate Resisting (Type SR) cement. In some cases, …
Is Your Concrete Safe from Sulphate Attacks? - MARKHAM
May 2, 2023 · Mechanics of sulphate attacks are complex, but suffice it to say, they’re a real threat to concrete structures exposed to sulfate-containing water and the damages can be …
What is sulfate attack? - Beton Consulting Engineers
Jun 7, 2021 · Sulfate attack also destabilizes the calcium silicate hydrate, resulting in softening and loss of cohesion. In the field, sulfate attack manifests itself in loss of strength, expansion, …
Sulfate Attack - External and Internal Causes
Sulfate Attack - Proactive Avoidance. There are 5 factors that influence sulfate attack: the amount and nature of the sulfate present; the level of the water table and its seasonal variation; the …
Sulfate Attack - Mechanism - Pennsylvania State University
First, the external sulfate reacts with calcium hydroxide to saturate the pore solution and precipitate gypsum (CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O). The increased concentration of SO 4 promotes the …
Evaluation of Degradation in Cement-Based Materials Under Low …
Mar 18, 2025 · This study employed AC impedance spectroscopy (ACIS) to investigate low-temperature sulfate attack in cement-based materials, addressing limitations of conventional …
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