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    An encoder is a digital circuit that converts a set of binary inputs into a unique binary code. This binary code represents the position of the active input and is used to identify which specific input is active. Encoders are commonly used in digital systems to convert parallel inputs into serial codes.

    4 to 2 Encoder

    A 4 to 2 encoder consists of four inputs (Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0) and two outputs (A1, A0). At any given time, only one of the four inputs can be '1' to get the respective binary code at the output. The truth table for a 4 to 2 encoder is as follows:

    INPUTS OUTPUTS
    Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A1 A0
    0 0 0 1 0 0
    0 0 1 0 0 1
    0 1 0 0 1 0
    1 0 0 0 1 1

    The logical expressions for A1 and A0 are:

    A1 = Y3 + Y2
    A0 = Y3 + Y1

    These Boolean functions can be implemented using two-input OR gates.

    Octal to Binary Encoder (8 to 3 Encoder)

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