what causes fecal infections - Search
    • The infection is caused by Clostridium difficile bacteria.
    • Transmission:
    • The bacteria existing in air, water, soil, processed food and even in human feces. It can get transmitted through contaminated food and water.
    • It can also spread through direct contact. in other words, when a person touches surfaces or objects containing the bacteria.
    • Risk factors include:
    • Working in a healthcare facility/ staying there for a long duration
    • Long-term use of antibiotics
    • Long-term use of medicines to reduce acidity
    • Consumption of infected food and water
    • Touching infected soil, objects, and surfaces

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    Complications

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    The complications include:

    • Dehydration: Severe diarrhea can lead to a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes. This condition can cause blood pressure to drop to dangerously low levels.
    • Kidney failure: In some cases, dehydration can occur so quickly that kidney function rapidly deteriorates (kidney failure).
    • Toxic megacolon: In this rare condition, colon is unable to expel gas and stool, causing it to become greatly distended (megacolon). Left untreated, your colon may rupture, causing bacteria from the colon to enter the abdominal cavity. An enlarged or ruptured colon requires emergency surgery and this may be fatal.
    • A hole in your large intestine (bowel perforation): This is rare and results from extensive damage to the lining of your large intestine or after toxic megacolon. A perforated bowel can spill bacteria from the intestine into your abdominal cavity, leading to a life-threatening infection (peritonitis).

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    Symptoms

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    Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.

    The bacteria is naturally present in the large intestine in many people, but without any symptoms.

    The stage of infection is classified as below:

    Mild to moderate infection:

    • Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for two or more days
    • Mild abdominal cramping and tenderness

    Severe infection:

    • Watery diarrhea, 10 to 15 times a day
    • Strong, foul odor of diarrhea
    • Abdominal pain and cramps
    • Fever
    • Nausea and/or vomiting
    • Dehydration
    • Loss of appetite
    • Weight Loss
    • In severe cases, blood or pus in stools
    • In some cases, people tend to dehydrate completely and may need hospitalization.

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    Diagnosis

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    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    The diagnosis involves tests to detect the presence of the bacterium.

    Common tests & procedures

    Complete blood count (CBC): The white blood cell count is markedly high in case of Clostridium difficile infection.

    ELISA (Enzyme linked immunodeficiency assay): Can check for toxins produced by C. difficile bacteria, or for the bacterial antigen using stool sample.

    Cell cytotoxicity assay: Checks the effects of the bacterial toxins on human cells, hence identifying their presence.

    Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Can detect bacterial genes.

    CT scan: CT scan of the abdomen shows thickening in the intestinal wall indicating inflammation.

    Endoscopy: Maybe performed in case of unresponsiveness to treatment. Shows pseudomembranes that suggest C. difficile infection.

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    Treatment

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    Standard treatment for C. difficile infection is oral antibiotics to stop the growth of C. diff. In severe cases, the diseased portion of the colon is removed.

    Medication

    Antibiotics: The choice of antibiotic is made depending on the severity of the infection and by checking if it is a recurrent infection.

    Metronidazole . Vancomycin

    Probiotics: To restore the growth of healthy bacteria in the intestine.

    Saccharomyces boulardii

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