The violin is the smallest, followed by the viola, which is only slightly bigger and looks similar. The cello is significantly larger than the first two and the bass is the largest. The size of the strings also varies in both thickness and length, which plays a role in the instrument's range of notes.

A viola is larger than a violin but smaller than a cello, and it’s tuned a fifth below the violin, making it mid-range where the cello is bass. Bow Differences: The bow of a cello is shorter and heavier than that of a viola, which reflects in their differing techniques and sound production.

Though the viola is similar to a violin in size and is positioned and played in a similar manner, it is slightly larger and tuned an entire fifth lower. The strings are typically tuned to C-G-D-A from the lowest to highest pitch. The cello has the same tuning configuration as the viola, except it is another octave lower.

The bass viol is one of several sizes that form the viola da gamba family, while the cello is the bass member of the violin family, more formally known as the viola da braccio family, literally 'arm fiddles.' Even though the cello is held with the legs, i.e. 'da gamba,' it is really a large violin.

Choosing between violin vs. viola vs. cello or bass often comes down to the learning curve associated with each. Violins and violas, with their similar fingerboard layout, demand precise intonation and agility. The more prominent cello, when played upright, requires a different physical approach, blending bowing finesse with finger strength.