HYPOTHESIS TESTING STEPS IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING Step 1: State the Hypotheses Null Hypothesis (H 0) in the general population there is no change, no difference, or no relationship; the independent variable will have no effect on the dependent variable o Example •All dogs have four legs. •There is no difference in the number of legs dogs have.

The goal of hypothesis testing is to determine the likelihood that a population parameter, such as the mean, is likely to be true. In this section, we describe the four steps of hypothesis testing that were briefly introduced in Section 8.1: Step 1: State the hypotheses. Step 2: Set the criteria for a decision. Step 3: Compute the test ...

Step 1. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses. Null hypothesis: There is no clear winning opinion on this issue; the proportions who would answer yes or no are each 0.50. Alternative hypothesis: Fewer than 0.50, or 50%, of the population would answer yes to this question. The majority do not think Clinton

Hypothesis Testing • Is also called significance testing • Tests a claim about a parameter using evidence (data in a sample ... • The procedure is broken into four steps • Each element of the procedure must be understood . Hypothesis Testing Steps A. Null and alternative hypotheses B. Test statistic C. P-value and interpretation D ...

Step 6 : Use the test statistic to make a decision When we compare the result of step 5 to the decision rule in step 4, it is obvious that 3.024 is greater than the t-critical value of 2.447, and so we reject the null hypothesis. In other words, the mean value of 274 mg/kg is significantly different from the certified value of 250 mg/kg.

8.3 Hypothesis Testing Summary •Step 1: State hypotheses and select alpha level •Step 2: Locate the critical region •Step 3: Collect data; compute the test statistic •Step 4: Make a probability-based decision about H 0: Reject H 0 if the test statistic is unlikely when H 0 is true—called a “significant”

These are the conditions that need to be met in order for the hypothesis test to be performed. If the conditions are not met, then the results of the test are not valid. 4. Calculate the Test Statistic The test statistic varies depending on the test performed, see statistical tests handouts for details. 5. Calculate the P-value

willallowyoutoeitherreject the null hypothesis orfail to reject the null hypothesis .You will never use the results of a hypothesis to accept the null hypothesis. H a : The Alternative Hypothesis is a direct statement drawn from your research

the value specified by H0 is called a two-sided (or two-tailed) test, e.g. H0: µ = 100 HA: µ <> 100 I. Whether you use a 1-tailed or 2-tailed test depends on the nature of the problem. Usually we use a 2-tailed test. A 1-tailed test typically requires a little more theory. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing - Page 1

Hypothesis Testing, Page 1 Hypothesis Testing Author: John M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 23 September 2014 Introduction An important part of statistics is hypothesis testing – making a decision about some hypothesis (reject or accept), based on statistical methods. The four basic steps in any kind of hypothesis testing are: