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    Classification based on origin

    Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic … See more

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    Sedimentary rock - Wikipedia

    • Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of sediments, ie. mineral or organic particles, at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock are called sediment, and may be compose… See more

    Classification based on composition

    Alternatively, sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into compositional groups based on their mineralogy:
    • Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, are dominantly composed of silicate minerals. The sedim… See more

    Deposition and transformation

    Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediment is deposited out of air, ice, wind, gravity, or water flows carrying the particles in suspension. This sediment is often formed when weathering and erosion break down a roc… See more

    Properties

    The color of a sedimentary rock is often mostly determined by iron, an element with two major oxides: iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide. Iron(II) oxide (FeO) only forms under low oxygen (anoxic) circumstances and gives the ro… See more

    Depositional environments

    The setting in which a sedimentary rock forms is called the depositional environment. Every environment has a characteristic combination of geologic processes, and circumstances. The type of sediment that is deposited i… See more

    Sedimentary basins

    Places where large-scale sedimentation takes place are called sedimentary basins. The amount of sediment that can be deposited in a basin depends on the depth of the basin, the so-called accommodation space. … See more

    Sedimentation rates

    The rate at which sediment is deposited differs depending on the location. A channel in a tidal flat can see the deposition of a few metres of sediment in one day, while on the deep ocean floor each year only a few … See more

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    Table of Contents
    Classification based on origin
    Classification based on composition
    Deposition and transformation
    Properties
    Depositional environments
    Sedimentary basins
    Sedimentation rates
     
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