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    Descendants of Queen Victoria - Wikipedia

    Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Chr…

    The royal descendants of Queen Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901; r. 1837–1901) and of King Christian IX (8 April 1818 – 29 January 1906; r. 1863–1906), monarchs of the United Kingdom and Denmark, respectively, have become members of multiple European royal families. This was partially achieved by the marriage of Victoria's progeny with Christian's (and vice versa). By the time of her Diamond Jubileein 1897, Victoria w…

    The royal descendants of Queen Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901; r. 1837–1901) and of King Christian IX (8 April 1818 – 29 January 1906; r. 1863–1906), monarchs of the United Kingdom and Denmark, respectively, have become members of multiple European royal families. This was partially achieved by the marriage of Victoria's progeny with Christian's (and vice versa). By the time of her Diamond Jubilee in 1897, Victoria was known as the "grandmother of Europe". Christian IX was nicknamed the "father-in-law of Europe".

    Victoria and Christian's grandchildren were the monarchs of Denmark, Germany/Prussia, Greece, Norway, Russia and the United Kingdom. Today, the descendants of Victoria and Christian rule over Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

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    Victoria arranged the marriage of her eldest son and heir, the future King Edward VII, to Princess Alexandra of Denmark, the daughter of Christian IX, which took place on 10 March 1863. Among Edward and Alexandra's six children were King George V and his sister Maud. Maud would later marry her cousin, the future King Haakon VII of Norway, in 1896.

    A son of Christian and brother of Alexandra, Prince William, became King of the Hellenes as George I in 1863 because of his connection with the British royal family. On 27 October 1889, George's son, later Constantine I of Greece, married Princess Sophia of Prussia.

    Another daughter of Christian IX, Princess Dagmar of Denmark, married the future Emperor Alexander III of Russia in October 1866, taking the religious name Maria Feodorovna. Between 1881 and 1894, Maria's husband ruled as Russia's sovereign. Her son, Nicholas II, became Emperor of Russia upon Alexander III's death. Nicholas married Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, on 26 November 1894, and Alix became his consort, adopting the name Alexandra Feodorovna.

    Other grandchildren of either or both of Victoria and Christian were sovereigns suo jure or consorts of sovereigns, including:
    • King Christian X of Denmark, the elder brother of Haakon VII of Norway
    • Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia, the elder brother of Sophia of Prussia
    • Princess Marie of Edinburgh, the eldest daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who married King Ferdinand I of Romania
    • Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, a daughter of Queen Victoria's youngest daughter Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, who married King Alfonso XIII of Spain
    At the start of World War I, which lasted from 1914 to 1918, six major powers of Europe were divided between two coalitions. On one hand, France, Russia and the United Kingdom formed the Triple Entente. On the other hand, Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. During this conflict, George V was King of the United Kingdom. In addition, during World War I, Nicholas II was Emperor of Russia, and Wilhelm II was the German emperor.

    Historian Margaret MacMillan has remarked on the close connection between George, Nicholas and Wilhelm. Namely, George's father and Wilhelm's mother were siblings, making George and Wilhelm first cousins. Additionally, George's mother and Nicholas's mother were sisters from the Danish royal family, …

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    There are seven current reigning monarchs in Europe who are descended from either Victoria or Christian IX or both. In 2004, while touring Tatoi Palace and the Greek royal cemetery, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece commented of the royals' relations, "So you see, everybody comes from two sides — Denmark, King Christian IX, and Britain, Queen Victoria — and they all sort of criss crossed, I mean us too!" Anne-Marie is a descendant of both Victoria and Christian IX, as was her husband, Constantine II of Greece.
    Multiple reigning European monarchs are descended from Victoria or Christian IX:
    • The King of Denmark, Frederik X, is the son of Queen Margrethe II. Margrethe II is a descendant of both Victoria and Christian.
    • The King of the United Kingdom, Charles III, is a son of Queen Elizabeth II. Elizabeth II is a descendant of both Victoria and Christian.
    • The King of Norway, Harald V, is a descendant of both Victoria and Christian.
    • The King of Spain, Felipe VI, is also descended from both Victoria and Christian.
    • The King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, is a descendant of Victoria through both his father and mother.
    • The King of the Belgians, Philippe, is descended from Christian.
    • The Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri, is descended from Christian.

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    • John William Friso – the most recent ancestor of all European monarchs that have reigned since World War II
    • Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt – the most recent ancestor of all current European monarchs

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    • Amalienborg Palace (n.d.). "Frederik VIII 1906-1912". Retrieved 1 October 2024.
    • Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth P. (1914). Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage. Harrison and Sons. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Cour grand-ducale (Henri) (n.d.). "H.R.H. the Grand Duke". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Cour grand-ducale (Joséphine-Charlotte) (n.d.). "H.R.H. Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Gibbney, H.J. (1972). "Duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 4. Australian National University. Retrieved 1 October 2024.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
    • Kongehuset (Anne-Marie) (n.d.). "HM Queen Anne-Marie". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Kongehuset (Margrethe) (n.d.). "HM Queen Margrethe". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Pearl, Diana (2 August 2016). "Ambulance Driver, Poultry Farm Worker and Exiled Royal: Inside the Fascinating Life of the Late Queen Anne of Romania". People. Dotdash Meredith. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Reuters (30 November 1982). "Queen Helen of Rumania, 87; Was Forced Into Exile in '47". The New York Times. p. 12. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Swedish Royal Court (Astrid) (n.d.). "Princess Astrid". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Swedish Royal Court (Ingeborg) (n.d.). "Princess Ingeborg". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • The Belgian Monarchy (Albert) (n.d.). "King Albert II". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • The Belgian Monarchy (Philippe) (n.d.). "The King". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • The Royal Danish Collection (George) (n.d.). "Vilhelm (Georg I)". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • The Royal Danish Collection (Valdemar) (n.d.). "Valdemar". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • The Royal Family of Serbia (n.d.). "HM Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • The Royal House of Norway (Märtha) (n.d.). "Biography". Retrieved 2 October 2024.
    • Wilson, Penny (n.d.). "Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse". Alexander Palace Time Machine. Bob Atchinson. Retrieved 2 October 2024.

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