Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), a group of compounds frequently misused by athletes and, unfortunately, also by the general population, have lately attracted global attention; thus, significant demands for more precise, facile, and rapid AAS detection

Context The lifetime prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is estimated at 1% to 5% worldwide. AAS use occurs primarily male elite athletes and men who want a muscular appearance. The evidence for effective, safe management of AAS cessation

The detection of target anabolic steroids in doping analysis has generally been performed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS2) is gradually

Rapid detection of trace level anabolic steroids in urine is highly desirable to monitor the consumption of performance enhancing anabolic steroids by athletes. The present article describes a novel strategy for identifying the trace anabolic steroids

According to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, anabolic agents consist of exogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), endogenous AAS and other anabolic agents such as clenbuterol and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs).

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are an important class of doping agents. The metabolism of these substances is generally very extensive and includes phase-I and phase-II pathways. In this work, a comprehensive detection of these metabolites is

The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method utilizing the state-of-the-art protein arrays technique to detect urinary anabolic steroids (ASs) in athletes. Three experiments were designed to investigate the feasibility

Adrenal tumors are among the most common neoplasms in humans. With the increasingly frequent use of cross-sectional imaging, incidental adrenal masses are observed in 3–5 % [1], [2], [3], [4]. While most of these are benign adrenocortical adenomas

A simple, rapid and sensitive method was developed for determining the presence of seven anabolic steroids (boldenone, nandrolone, testosterone, methyltestosterone, epiandrosterone, androsterone, and atnozolol) in human urine. Glucuronide-conjugates

Virtually all professional and amateur sporting organizations forbid the use of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS). The International Olympic Committee, United States Olympic Committee, and more recently the National Collegiate Athletic Association