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  1. Civilization describes a complex way of life that came about as people began to develop networks of urban settlements. The earliest civilizations developed between 4000 and 3000 B.C.E., when the rise of agriculture and trade allowed people to have surplus food and economic stability.
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    While modern civilizations extend to every continent except Antarctica, most scholars place the earliest cradles of civilizations—in other words, where civilizations first emerged—in modern-day Iraq, Egypt, India, China, Peru and Mexico, beginning between approximately 4000 and 3000 B.C.
    www.history.com/news/first-earliest-human-civilizat…
    Scholars generally acknowledge six cradles of civilization. Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient India, and Ancient China are believed to be the earliest in the Old World, while the Caral-Supe civilization of coastal Peru and the Olmec civilization of Mexico are believed to be the earliest in the New World.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization
    Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers. They migrated out of Africa during the Last Glacial Period (Ice Age) and had populated most of the Earth by the time the Ice Age ended 12,000 years ago.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history
    Early homo sapiens or modern humans appeared in Africa around 20,000 years ago. After thousands of years, these homo sapiens laid the foundation for the early forms of human civilizations with the development of agriculture, weaponry, art, social structure, and politics.
    www.oldest.org/culture/civilizations/
     
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    Human history - Wikipedia

    These developments paved the way for the emergence of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China, marking the beginning of the Ancient period in 3500 BCE. See more

    Human history is the record of humankind from prehistory to the present. Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers. They migrated out of Africa during the See more

    Early modern period image
    Modern period image

    The post-classical period, dated roughly from 500 to 1500 CE, was characterized by the rise and spread of major religions while civilization expanded to new parts of the world and trade … See more

    Long nineteenth century
    The long nineteenth century traditionally starts with the French Revolution in 1789, and lasts until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It saw the … See more

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    Human evolution
    Humans evolved in Africa from great apes through the lineage of hominins, which arose 7–5 million years ago. The ability to walk on two legs emerged … See more

    Cradles of civilization
    The Bronze Age saw the development of cities and civilizations. Early civilizations arose close to rivers, … See more

    The early modern period is the era following the European Middle Ages until 1789 or 1800. A common break with the medieval period is placed between 1450 and 1500 which … See more

    The study of human history has a long tradition and early precursors were already practiced in the ancient period as attempts to provide comprehensive accounts of the history of the world. Most research before the 20th century focused on histories of individual … See more

     
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  3. 6 Early Human Civilizations | HISTORY

  4. An Evolutionary Timeline of Homo Sapiens | Smithsonian

  5. The Seeds of Civilization | Smithsonian

    The Seeds of Civilization. Why did humans first turn from nomadic wandering to villages and togetherness? The answer may lie in a 9,500-year-old settlement in central Turkey

  6. Human evolution | History, Stages, Timeline, Tree, …

    Aug 8, 2024 · human evolution, the process by which human beings developed on Earth from now-extinct primates. Viewed zoologically, we humans are Homo sapiens, a culture-bearing upright-walking species that lives on the ground …

  7. Cradle of civilization - Wikipedia

    Scholars generally acknowledge six cradles of civilization: Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient India and Ancient China are believed to be the earliest in Afro-Eurasia (previously called the Old World), [6][7] while in what was previously …

  8. Civilization - Wikipedia

    The ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the oldest civilization in the world, beginning about 4000 BCE. Ancient Egypt provides an example of an early culture civilization. [1]

  9. How Mesopotamia Became the Cradle of Civilization

    Nov 10, 2020 · The Sumerian people of Mesopotamia had a flair for innovation. Here's how they left their mark. The ancient Babylonian king ruled with military and diplomatic finesse—and he also knew a thing or...

  10. Mesopotamia - World History Encyclopedia

    Mar 14, 2018 · In ancient times, Mesopotamia impacted the world through its inventions, innovations, and religious vision; in the modern day it literally changed the way people understood the whole of history and one's place in the …

  11. How Africa Became the Cradle of Humankind | Smithsonian

  12. Key Components of Civilization - National Geographic …

    Mar 6, 2024 · The earliest civilizations developed between 4000 and 3000 B.C.E., when the rise of agriculture and trade allowed people to have surplus food and economic stability. Many people no longer had to practice farming, …

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