Tohono O’odham, North American Indians who traditionally inhabited the desert regions of present-day Arizona, U.S., and northern Sonora, Mex. The Tohono O’odham speak a Uto-Aztecan language, a dialectal variant of Piman, and culturally they are similar to the Pima living to the north.

Some historians believe the Tohono O’odham are descendants of the oldest known Native American culture of the area: the Hohokam, whose culture faded about 1450. The Spanish grouped the Tohono O’odham with the Pima, but they were very different people. The Tohono O’odham were bitter enemies of the Apache.

A survey of the culture and history of the Tohono O’odham from Pre-history up to the 1980’s. Includes an examination of the issues and events that have affected the lifestyle of the O’odham and how Spanish, Mexican, and American influence has impacted and shaped O’odham history and culture.