• There are several mechanisms of brain injury like open head injury, closed head injury, deceleration injury. Various causes of TBI are:
• Falling down
• Vehicle accidents
• Public or domestic violence
• Explosions
• Sport injuries
• Combat injuries
• The risk factors include:
• Children less than 4 years old
• Young adults between the ages of 15 and 24
• People above 60 years of age
• Gender - men are more prone than women

• Wear helmet while riding two wheelers.
• Do have access to seat belts and air bags while driving.
• Take good care of children to avoid injuries.
• Do not drive under the influence of alcohol and drugs.
• Maintain safe living areas for seniors

If untreated for a prolonged period it may lead to

• Altered consciousness
• Seizures
• Fluid buildup
• Infections
• Blood vessel damage
• Nerve damage
• Cognitive problems
• Communication problems
• Sensory deficits
• Emotional and behavioral problems

Treatment includes medication, surgery and rehabilitation.

Medication

Diuretics: To reduce the amount of fluid in tissues.

Mannitol . Furosemide

Anticonvulsants: To avoid any additional damage due to seizure.

Carbamazepine . Levetiracetam

Coma-inducing drugs: In case of compressed blood vessels.

Propofol . Pentobarbital

Analgesics: To bring down the pain.

Aspirin