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  1. The Sumerian civilization first developed writing around 3400 B.C., when they began making markings on clay tablets in a script known as cuneiform. Their texts usually consisted of economic and administrative documents, but by the third millennium B.C., Sumerian scribes were also copying down essays, hymns, poetry and myths.
    www.history.com/news/what-is-the-oldest-known-pi…
    The Kesh Temple Hymn (or Liturgy to Nintud) along with the tablet known as the Instructions of Shuruppak, are considered the oldest existing pieces of literature in the world. The tablets were found at the Temple of Nippur in modern-day Iraq and come from the ancient Sumerian civilization.
    www.oldest.org/artliterature/writing/

    The best known picture writing system of ideographic or early mnemonic symbols are:

    • Jiahu symbols, carved on tortoise shells in Jiahu, c. 6600 BCE
    • Vinča symbols ( Tărtăria tablets ), c. 5300 BCE [27]
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_writing
     
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    The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still … See more

    35 –32 centuries BCE
    The Kish tablet, a small limestone tablet from the middle Uruk period of ancient Mesopotamia, contains pictographic inscriptions … See more

    35th–32nd centuries BCE
    The Kish tablet, a small limestone tablet from the middle Uruk period of ancient Mesopotamia, contains pictographic inscriptions exemplifying an early precursor to Cuneiform.
    35th–32nd centuries BCE
    The Kushim tablets from the same period feature possibly the oldest named person (Kushim).
    35th–32nd centuries BCE
    Another Uruk Period clay tablet that featured names dating back to around 3100 BCE includes the names of a slave owner (Gal-Sal) and their two slaves (En-pap X and the woman Sukkalgir).
    31st century BCE
    The Narmer Palette, a carved slab of siltstone from the Early Dynastic Period of Ancient Egypt, contains some of the earliest known examples of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
    25th century BCE
    The Palermo Stone, a stele, containing the names of Pharaohs and other information, is made of basalt.
    25th century BCE
    The Diary of Merer (also known as Papyrus Jarf) is the name for papyrus logbooks written over 4,500 years ago by Merer, a middle ranking official with the title inspector (sHD).
    21st century BCE
    According to the Guinness World Records, the oldest surviving love poem, a balbale, in the world is of Sumerian origin and written in cuneiform, discovered in Nippur, dated to 2031 BCE, called Istanbul #2461 by archaeologists.
    18th century BCE
    Dating back to 1800 BCE, to the Old Babylonian period, a clay tablet containing a recipe for squab was found, written in Akkadian cuneiform.
    18th century BCE
    The complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir, a clay tablet written in Akkadian cuneiform found in Iraq, is the first recorded customer complaint.
    14th century BCE
    In 2010, a clay fragment bearing Akkadian cuneiform, comparable in size to that of an olive, was discovered by Israeli archaeologists during the excavation of a tower, the tower itself dating back to the 10th century BCE, in Jerusalem, that was determined to have originated in 14th century BCE.
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  4. Dec 18, 2015 · As with the wheel, cities and legal codes, the earliest examples of written literature appear to have originated in ancient Mesopotamia. The …

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