∑ cos ∑ cos when angles are in arithmetic progression [duplicate] Ask Question Asked 13 years, 4 months ago Modified 4 months ago

Apr 21, 2015 · Explore related questions arithmetic factorial See similar questions with these tags.

I have attached an image showing a Modulo 2 binary division. I can roughly understand the working below which is using XOR calculation but I am not sure how the answer (in red) is being computed ...

Dec 9, 2014 · They offer this help: The polynomial arithmetic for QR Code shall be calculated using bit-wise modulo 2 arithmetic and byte-wise modulo 100011101 arithmetic. This is a Galois field of 2^8 with 100011101 representing the field's prime modulus polynomial x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1. which is all pretty much greek to me.

In this example, the modular inverse of 7 7 with respect to 31 31 is 9 9. How can we find out that 9 9? What are the steps that I need to do? Update If I have a general modulo equation:

What would be a good book to learn basic number theory? If possible a book which also has a collection of practice problems? Thanks.

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How can we sum up sin sin and cos cos series when the angles are in arithmetic progression? For example here is the sum of cos cos series:

I'm looking for clear mathematical rules on rounding a number to n n decimal places. Everything seems perfectly clear for positive numbers. Here is for example what I found on math.about.com : Rule One Determine what your rounding digit is and look to the right side of it. If that digit is 4, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0 0, simply drop all digits to the right of it. Rule Two Determine what your ...