Mechanics of Granular Materials (MGM) The constitutive behavior of uncemented granular materials such as strength, stiffness, and localization of deformations are to a large extend derived from interparticle friction transmitted between solid particles and particle groups. Interparticle forces are highly dependent on gravitational body forces.

Granular materials exist widely in nature or industrial production, and form complex granular systems with structures. A granular system has complex mechanical properties of solid or liquid, and quasi-solid-liquid transition may occur under certain conditions.