In AD 1200, the population was still below the peak of 3 million (or more) which historians have suggested for c.1300. The populations of Wales and Scotland in 1200 were sparse, probably well under half-a-million in each case. To continue reading this article you need to purchase a subscription, available from only £5.

Events from the 1200s in England. 22 May – Treaty of Le Goulet signed by King John and Philip II of France, confirming John as ruler of parts of France, in return for some exchange of territory. 24 August – King John marries 12-year-old Isabella of Angoulême at Bordeaux. 8 October – Isabella is crowned queen consort at Westminster Abbey.

The 'Agas' map is the earliest printed map of London, published in 1633. The Guildhall Library in London, the Public Record Office and Magdalene College, Cambridge hold the only three known impressions. They were printed from a set of eight woodblocks.

Paris’ maps of Britain are significant in the history of medieval cartography as they represent some of the first attempts to depict the actual physical appearance of the country. Earlier maps more commonly represented the relationship between major regions or cities in schematic diagrams that provided little indication of distance or topography.