The thoracodorsal nerve of the brachial plexus innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle. Blood Supply Thoracodorsal artery is the primary blood supply of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle. Additional small arteries come from dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries.

The latissimus muscle blood supply is via the subscapular artery, a branch of the axillary artery. The subscapular sends off a circumflex scapular branch posteriorly and then distributes a serratus branch before it enters the substance of the muscle on its undersurface. On the subscapular system a 5 to 15 centimeter pedicle can be obtained.