In present-day times, the number of vehicles has increased drastically, but in contrast, the capabilities of our roads and transportation systems still remain underdeveloped and as a result, fail to cope with this upsurge in the number of vehicles. As

Urbanization has presented opportunities of progress which has attracted people from rural areas to the cities thus leading to mass migration. This migration has been going on for decades all around the globe and has reached a point of saturation. The

The present era is marked by rapid improvement and advances in technology. One of the most essential areas that demand improvement is the traffic signal, as it constitutes the core of the traffic system. This demand becomes stringent with the development