Self-assembling satellites are launched into space, along with reflectors and a microwave or laser power transmitter. Reflectors or inflatable mirrors spread over a vast swath of space, directing solar radiation onto solar panels. These panels convert solar power into either a microwave or a laser, and beam uninterrupted power down to Earth.

The space-based solar power system involves a solar power satellite – an enormous spacecraft equipped with solar panels. These panels generate electricity, which is then wirelessly transmitted to Earth through high-frequency radio waves.

Solar panels on spacecraft supply power for two main uses: Power to run the sensors, active heating, cooling and telemetry. Power for electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, sometimes called electric propulsion or solar-electric propulsion.