Study calculus online free by downloading Volume 3 of OpenStax's college Calculus textbook and using our accompanying online resources.

Study calculus online free by downloading volume 1 of OpenStax's college Calculus textbook and using our accompanying online resources.

OpenStax offers free college textbooks for all types of students, making education accessible & affordable for everyone. Browse our list of available subjects!

Calculus is the mathematics that describes changes in functions. In this chapter, we review all the functions necessary to study calculus. We define polynomial, rational, trigonometric, …

In fact, integrals are used in a wide variety of mechanical and physical applications. In this chapter, we first introduce the theory behind integration and use integrals to calculate areas. …

As we continue our study of calculus, we revisit this theorem many times. The Intermediate Value Theorem Functions that are continuous over intervals of the form [ a , b ] , [ a , b ] , where a …

After tireless efforts by mathematicians for approximately 500 years, new techniques emerged that provided scientists with the necessary tools to explain many phenomena. Using calculus, …

Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/calculus-volume-1/pages/1-introduction. Citation information. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation …

Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/calculus-volume-1/pages/1-introduction. Citation information. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation …

Prove this formula using calculus. 91 . If you are finding an absolute minimum over an interval [ a , b ] , [ a , b ] , why do you need to check the endpoints?