The wave spring washer's primary function is to absorb stress and act as a cushion when load compression is applied. Wave spring washers come in several configurations (generally, 3, 4, or 6-point contact), which determine the number of points of contact with surrounding components and the stability of the washer itself.

Wave washers also eliminate rattles, absorb shock, and compensate for expansion and contraction in components. They are relatively lightweight and often used to distribute pressure in low-strength fastening applications. Steel wave washers provide higher tensile strength and more durability than stainless steel wave washers.

Wave spring washers are available in materials such as spring steel, stainless steel, beryllium copper, and bronze. Willie Washer offers wavy washers in an array of finishes, such as zinc & yellow, zinc & clear, nickel, black oxide, and phosphate & oil. The height and density of a wave washer is engineered to maintain the function of the load.

The spring rate is the capacity of the wave washer. It describes a relationship between the load applied and the deflection of the washer. The spring rate is directly proportional to the fourth power of the number of waves on the washer. Hence, higher capacity wave washers will have more waves. It is also controlled by the thickness of the wave.