This map shows the German and Prussian territories unified by Otto von Bismarck in 1871, including major cities and political boundaries. It is a map of Germany from 1871. Source: Lucius Hudson Holt, Ph.D.

As is well known, the Napoleonic Wars and occupations also brought forth a new German nationalism. And while nationalists did not, as a rule, produce maps, they did describe what Germany and Europe would look like in the event that Germany would become unified as nation state like France. And these descriptions can be mapped.

Industry accounted for 60 percent of the gross national product in 1913. The German working class grew rapidly in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. Total union membership reached 3.7 million in 1912, of which 2.5 million were affiliated with the socialist unions.

In the main, maps of Poland were made in the postwar era. Consider two cases: the first, a map of Nazi crimes, originally made in 1964 and published in an English edition in 1971. The second, a map of the destruction of Warsaw, made in 1946. 19. Self-evidently, this topic also deserves its own treatment.