• A violent blow to the head and neck or upper body can cause the brain to slide back and forth.
• Sudden acceleration or deceleration of the head, caused by events such as a car crash, or sudden jerky movements
• Risk factors include:
• Previous history of concussion
• Participating in high-risk sports such as football and basketball, without proper safety equipment and supervision

There's no specific way to prevent concussion, but measures can be taken to reduce the risk of a head injury.

• Wear the recommended equipment when taking part in a contact sport, such as rugby or boxing
• Wear a seatbelt while driving
• Wear a helmet while riding a motorcycle, bicycle or horse

If untreated for a prolonged period it may lead to

• Post-traumatic headaches: People experience headaches within a week to few months after a brain injury.
• Post-traumatic vertigo: Some people experience a sense of spinning or dizziness for days, week or months after a brain injury.
• Post-concussion syndrome: Some people have symptoms — such as headaches, dizziness and thinking difficulties — a few days after a concussion.
• Cumulative effects of multiple brain injuries: Progressive impairment of cognitive function.
• Second impact syndrome: Experiencing a second concussion before symptoms of the first concussion have resolved, may result in rapid and usually fatal brain swelling.

The best way to treat concussion is by resting. Rest to the body and limit on mental activities will help the brain to recover faster. Medications may be prescribed for symptom relief.

Medication

Analgesics: Used to relieve pain.

Acetaminophen

Anti-nausea drugs: To relieve nausea and vomiting.

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