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  1. Longitudinal waves12345:
    • Involve oscillations that occur in the same direction as the wave’s propagation.
    • Particles of the medium move back and forth along the direction the wave is traveling.
    • Sound waves traveling through a fluid such as air are longitudinal waves.
    • Characterized by rarefactions and compressions that occur along the direction of wave propagation.
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    In a longitudinal wave, each particle of matter vibrates about its normal rest position and along the axis of propagation, and all particles participating in the wave motion behave in the same manner, except that there is a progressive change in phase (q.v.) of vibration— i.e., each particle completes its cycle of reaction at a later time.
    www.britannica.com/science/longitudinal-wave
    Longitudinal waves involve oscillations that occur in the same direction as the wave’s propagation. In simple terms, the particles of the medium move back and forth along the direction the wave is traveling, rather than moving up and down like in transverse waves.
    www.albert.io/blog/transverse-and-longitudinal-wav…
    Sound waves traveling through a fluid such as air travel as longitudinal waves. Particles of the fluid (i.e., air) vibrate back and forth in the direction that the sound wave is moving. This back-and-forth longitudinal motion creates a pattern of compressions (high pressure regions) and rarefactions (low pressure regions).
    www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-1/…
    Longitudinal waves are a type of mechanical wave that travels through a medium by causing the particles of the medium to vibrate in the same direction as the wave travels. This type of wave is characterized by rarefactions and compressions that occur along the direction of wave propagation.
    your-physicist.com/longitudinal-waves/
    Longitudinal waves With sound waves, the energy travels along in the same direction as the particles vibrate. This type of wave is known as a longitudinal wave, so named because the energy travels along the direction of vibration of the particles.
    www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8rxsbk/revision/2
     
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    Longitudinal wave - Wikipedia

    Longitudinal waves are waves in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels and displacement of the medium is in the same (or opposite) direction of the wave propagation. Mechanical longitudinal waves are also called compressional or compression waves, because they … See more

    "Longitudinal waves" and "transverse waves" have been abbreviated by some authors as "L-waves" and "T-waves", respectively, for their … See more

    The attenuation of a wave in a medium describes the loss of energy a wave carries as it propagates throughout the medium. This is … See more

    Maxwell's equations lead to the prediction of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum, which are strictly transverse waves; due to the fact that they would need particles to vibrate upon, the … See more

    • Varadan, V. K., and Vasundara V. Varadan, "Elastic wave scattering and propagation". Attenuation due to scattering of ultrasonic … See more

    Isotropic medium
    For isotropic solids and liquids, the speed of a longitudinal wave can be described by See more

    The equations for sound in a fluid given above also apply to acoustic waves in an elastic solid. Although solids also support transverse waves (known as S-waves in seismology), longitudinal sound waves in the solid exist with a velocity and wave impedance See more

     
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