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  1. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluidity

    Superfluidity - Wikipedia

    • Superfluidity was discovered in helium-4 by Pyotr Kapitsa and independently by John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. Onnes possibly observed the superfluid phase transition on August 2 1911, the same da… See more

    Ultracold Atomic Gases

    Superfluidity in an ultracold fermionic gas was experimentally proven by Wolfgang … See more

    Wikipedia
    Eighty years of superfluidity - Nature
    Superfluidity was beautifully demonstrated 80 years ago in two papers published in Nature by Allen and Misener 1 and Kapitza 2. The authors observed the flow of liquid helium-4 thr…
    Nature · https://www.nature.com/articles/d4158…
    Superfluids in Astrophysics

    The idea that superfluidity exists inside neutron stars was first proposed by Arkady Migdal. By analogy with electrons inside superconductors forming Cooper pairs because of … See more

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    Ultracold Atomic Gases
    Superfluids in Astrophysics
     
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  1. 1938
    Superfluidity (in the form of frictionless flow through narrow capillaries) was discovered in 4 He below 2.17 K (− 290.98 °C, or − 455.76 °F) in 1938, simultaneously by Soviet physicist Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and by Canadian physicists John F. Allen and A.D. Misener. (The transition to the superfluid phase is called the lambda-transition.)

    Superfluidity | Physics of Low-Temperature Fluids | Britannica

    www.britannica.com/science/superfluidity
    www.britannica.com/science/superfluidity
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    Who discovered superfluidity?
    Superfluidity (in the form of frictionless flow through narrow capillaries) was discovered in 4 He below 2.17 K (− 290.98 °C, or − 455.76 °F) in 1938, simultaneously by Soviet physicist Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and by Canadian physicists John F. Allen and A.D. Misener. (The transition to the superfluid phase is called the lambda-transition.)

    Superfluidity | Physics of Low-Temperature Fluids | Britannica

    britannica.com
    When did superfluid start?
    Superfluid begins in the late 19th century with the race to liquify gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen – a race that created the modern field of cryogenics. Helium proved to be a challenge because its boiling temperature of 4.2 K is much lower than other gases.

    Superfluidity: the mysterious quantum effect that became a backbone of

    physicsworld.com
    What is superfluidity in chemistry?
    Superfluidity is the characteristic property of a fluid with zero viscosity which therefore flows without any loss of kinetic energy. When stirred, a superfluid forms vortices that continue to rotate indefinitely. Superfluidity occurs in two isotopes of helium (helium-3 and helium-4) when they are liquefied by cooling to cryogenic temperatures.

    Superfluidity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org
    What is the theory of superfluidity?
    The theory explains the viscosity dependence on the measurement method, and the fountain effect. It also predicts that heat will propagate in the superfluid phase, as temperature waves (second sound). 10. The 1938 articles and birth of the two-fluid model The year of 1938 was fruitful with the publication of several papers related to superfluidity:

    An historical account of the two-fluid theory for superfluidity

    iopscience.iop.org
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  3. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/science/superfluidity

    Superfluidity | Physics of Low-Temperature Fluids | Britannica

     
  4. IOPscience
    https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6404/abf97d

    An historical account of the two-fluid theory for superfluidity

  5. arXiv.org
    https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0611119

    [physics/0611119] The discovery of superfluidity - arXiv.org

  6. AIP Publishing
    https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/48/7/30/...

    The Discovery of Superfluidity | Physics Today | AIP Publishing

  8. Physics World
    https://physicsworld.com/a/superfluidity-th…

    Superfluidity: the mysterious quantum effect that …

    WEBFeb 14, 2024 · Superfluid begins in the late 19th century with the race to liquify gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen – a race that created the modern field of cryogenics. Helium proved to be a challenge …

  9. Nature
    https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-01…

    Eighty years of superfluidity - Nature

    WEBJan 15, 2018 · Superfluidity was beautifully demonstrated 80 years ago in two papers published in Nature by Allen and Misener 1 and Kapitza 2. The authors observed the flow of liquid helium-4 through...

  10. Nature
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-023-00656-2

    Nobel 2003: superconductivity and superfluidity - Nature

  11. Springer
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10909-006-9276-7

    The Discovery of Superfluidity | Journal of Low Temperature

  12. ResearchGate
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/…

    (PDF) The Discovery of Superfluidity - ResearchGate

    WEBMar 1, 2007 · Superfluidity is a remarkable manifestation of quantum mechanics at the macroscopic level. This article describes the history of its discovery, which took place at a particularly difficult period...

  13. Springer
    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-7199-4_6

    Superfluidity: How Quantum Mechanics Became Visible

  14. MIT News
    https://news.mit.edu/2015/new-look-at-superfluidity-0810

    A new look at superfluidity - MIT News

  15. Science Notes and Projects
    https://sciencenotes.org/superfluidity-definition-and-examples

    Superfluidity Definition and Examples - Science Notes and Projects

  16. IOPscience
    https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164220

    New light on the intriguing history of superfluidity in liquid

  17. arXiv.org
    https://arxiv.org/pdf/1404.1284
    [PDF]

    Introduction to superfluidity arXiv:1404.1284v2 [hep-ph] 31 …

  18. Oxford Academic
    https://academic.oup.com/book/41051/chapter/349371920

    1 An introduction to superfluidity and superconductivity - Oxford …

  19. arXiv.org
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.1284

    Introduction to superfluidity -- Field-theoretical approach and ...

  20. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose–Einstein_condensate

    Bose–Einstein condensate - Wikipedia

  21. CERN Document Server
    https://cds.cern.ch/record/808382/files/p363.pdf
    [PDF]

    THE PHYSICS OF SUPERFLUID HELIUM - CERN

  22. Nature
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03537-9

    Observation of first and second sound in a BKT superfluid

  23. News Bureau | ILLINOIS
    https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/730694

    News Bureau | ILLINOIS

  24. Oxford Academic
    https://academic.oup.com/book/26678/chapter/195460729

    Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity - Oxford Academic

  25. Oxford Academic
    https://academic.oup.com/book/26678

    Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity | Oxford Academic

  26. arXiv.org
    https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19036

    [2409.19036] The molecular nature of superfluidity: Viscosity of …

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