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  1. Folliculitis - Overview

    Verified Expert
    Also known as: inflammation of hair follicles
    A skin condition that affects the hair follicle (a tunnel shaped structure in the outer layer of the skin and from where the hair grows). This causes small bumps in the skin.
    How common is condition?
    Common (More than 200,000 cases per year in US)
    Is condition treatable?
    Treatable by a medical professional
    Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
    Rarely requires lab test or imaging
    Time taken for recovery
    Can last several days or weeks
    How is condition transmitted?
    Transmitted through direct contact
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    Causes

    Verified Expert

    • Causes depend on the type of folliculitis. Most types of folliculitis are not contagious but some might spread by skin to skin contact or, by sharing personal items.
    • Bacterial infection: Commonly caused by Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas bacteria causes hot tub folliculitis, that occurs after using a bath tub that is not properly cleaned
    • Infection by fungi such as yeast
    • Damage to hair follicles due to skin irritation, shaving or waxing
    • Friction from clothing
    • Blockage of hair follicles due to sweat, oil or makeup
    • Insect bites
    • Eosinophilic folliculitis may be seen in patients with impaired immune system

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    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.

    Folliculitis can occur on any part of the body that has hair. But it is most common on the beard area, arms, back, buttocks, and legs. It can manifest as:

    • Small red bumps
    • White -headed pimples
    • Pus -filled sores
    • Crusty sores
    • Red skin
    • Inflamed skin
    • Itching, burning, tenderness, and pain might also be seen

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    Are follicular disorders associated with hair loss?
    Follicular disorders. Disorders of the hair and scalp Created 2009. Hair loss may refer to excessive shedding or baldness (or both). Balding can be localised or diffuse, scarring or non-scarring. Increased hair can be due to hormonal factors (hirsutism) or non-hormonal (hypertrichosis). Scalp disorders may or may not be associated with hair loss.
    dermnetnz.org

    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Folliculitis generally gets better on its own. Relatively severe cases are treated using medication or minor surgical procedure.

    Medication

    Topical antibiotic creams: For mild bacterial infection.

    Clindamycin . Metronidazole

    Oral antibiotics: For bacterial infection that is relatively resistant.

    Dicloxacillin . Cephalexin

    Antifungal shampoo or body wash: For mild fungal infections.

    Ketoconazole

    Topical antifungal creams: For deeper fungal infections.

    Miconazole . Terbinafine

    Oral antifungals: For resistant infections.

    Fluconazole

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    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    Diagnosis is generally based on physical examination. Tests are not usually required.

    Common tests & procedures

    Physical examination: The doctor diagnoses folliculitis based on the appearance of the skin and symptoms.

    Swab culture test: A swab of the infected skin or hair is taken to determine the cause of infection.

    Biopsy: Skin biopsy is performed rarely, to rule out other causes.

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice. | Disclaimer: Opinions are from external health professionals and should not be considered as Microsoft's opinion or a substitute for professional help. Consult a health professional for medical advice.
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    Table of Contents
    Overview
    Causes
    Symptoms
    Are follicular disorders associated with hair loss?
    Treatment
    Health guide
    Diagnosis
     
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  1. Several conditions can affect the health of your hair follicles1. The most common conditions include:Other types of hair follicle diseases and disorders include infectious, parasitic, allergic, and underlying systemic diseases like hypothyroidism3.
    Learn more:

    Several conditions affect the health of your hair follicles. The most common conditions include: Alopecia areata. Baldness in women and people assigned female and male at birth. Folliculitis. Hidradenitis suppurativa. Stress. Telogen effluvium. Whiteheads, blackheads or a dilated pore of Winer.

    Hair Follicle: Function, Structure & Asso…

    my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23435-hair-follicle
    Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease. The immune system mistakes the hair follicles for foreign cells and attacks them. It often causes hair to fall out in clumps. It can lead to alopecia universalis, which is a total loss of hair all over the body.

    Hair Follicle: Function, Anatomy, and Co…

    www.healthline.com/health/hair-follicle

    The types of hair follicle diseases and disorders can be placed into the following categories:

    • Infectious - This includes bacterial and fungal organisms.
    • Parasitic - This can include mites, fleas, ticks, lice.
    • Allergic - This can include food allergies, reactions to shampoos, household cleaning products.
    • Underlying systemic diseases like hypothyroidism,...

    Hair Follicle Diseases and Disorders in …

    wagwalking.com/condition/hair-follicle-diseases-an…
     
  2. People also ask
    What conditions affect your hair follicles?
    Several conditions affect the health of your hair follicles. The most common conditions include: Alopecia areata. Baldness in women and people assigned female and male at birth. Folliculitis. Hidradenitis suppurativa. Stress. Telogen effluvium. Whiteheads, blackheads or a dilated pore of Winer.

    Hair Follicle: Function, Structure & Associated Conditions

    my.clevelandclinic.org
    What causes hair folliculitis?
    It involves an accumulation of a type of white blood cell (eosinophils) around the hair follicles, leading to irritation and inflammation. Demodex folliculitis: This condition is caused by tiny Demodex mites, which live in the hair follicles and oil glands on our skin.

    Folliculitis treatment and prevention - Harvard Health

    health.harvard.edu
    Are follicular disorders associated with hair loss?
    Follicular disorders. Disorders of the hair and scalp Created 2009. Hair loss may refer to excessive shedding or baldness (or both). Balding can be localised or diffuse, scarring or non-scarring. Increased hair can be due to hormonal factors (hirsutism) or non-hormonal (hypertrichosis). Scalp disorders may or may not be associated with hair loss.

    Disorders of the hair and scalp - DermNet

    dermnetnz.org
    What are blocked hair follicles?
    Blocked hair follicles are pimple-like bumps that form under the skin. They may be red in color, and painful. When hair follicles become blocked in areas of the body containing sweat and oil glands, they can turn into hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic skin condition. Hidradenitis suppurativa is also known as acne inversa.

    Blocked Hair Follicles: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention - Healthline

    healthline.com
    What causes a clogged hair follicle?
    Hair follicles become clogged with keratin, a naturally occurring protein found in hair, skin, and nails. The clogged hair follicle traps sweat inside. The clogged hair follicle fills with bacteria, which breed and grow. The clogged hair follicle filled with bacteria expands and ruptures.

    Blocked Hair Follicles: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention - Healthline

    healthline.com
    What is a hair follicle?
    Hair follicles are structures within your skin that grow your hair. You’re born with millions of hair follicles in your skin. You can’t pull out hair follicles. Damaged hair follicles lead to hair loss or reduced hair growth. A hair follicle is a tube-like structure within your skin that produces a strand of hair.

    Hair Follicle: Function, Structure & Associated Conditions

    my.clevelandclinic.org
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  3. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/...

    Folliculitis - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic

     
  4. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17692

    Folliculitis: Appearance, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  5. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/...

    Folliculitis - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic

  6. WebMD
    https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/...

    Folliculitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - WebMD

  7. Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and...

    Folliculitis treatment and prevention - Harvard Health

  8. Explore hair follicle diseases

  9. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23435

    Hair Follicle: Function, Structure & Associated Conditions

  10. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/dis…

    Alopecia Areata: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

    Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that attacks your body’s hair follicles, causing patchy hair loss. Medications and therapies can help your hair regrow, though severe cases may not respond to treatment.

  11. Verywell Health
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/scalp-i…

    Scalp Infections: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

    Apr 12, 2024 · Folliculitis is an infection in which one or more hair follicles become inflamed and swollen. It is most commonly caused by bacteria, but it can also develop because of a virus, parasite, or fungus. Scalp folliculitis causes small, …

  12. Healthline
    https://www.healthline.com/health/alop…

    Alopecia Areata: Hair Loss Causes, Treatment, and …

    Oct 19, 2023 · Alopecia areata is a common hair loss condition that develops when your immune system attacks your hair follicles. It affects nearly 7 million people in the United States, according to the...

  13. DermNet
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/alopecia-a…

    Alopecia Areata: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

    Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition affecting hair follicles causing hair loss. It typically presents with discrete bald patches on the scalp but can cause hair loss from all hair-bearing areas on the body. Alopecia is a Latin term …

  14. DermNet
    https://dermnetnz.org/cme/follicular/dis…

    Follicular disorders. Disorders of the hair and scalp

    Introduction. Hair loss may refer to excessive shedding or baldness (or both). Balding can be localised or diffuse, scarring or non-scarring. Increased hair can be due to hormonal factors (hirsutism) or non-hormonal (hypertrichosis). Scalp …

  15. Verywell Health
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/eosinophilic-folliculitis-5202936

    Eosinophilic Folliculitis: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  16. Plastic Surgery Key
    https://plasticsurgerykey.com/31-disorders-of-hair...

    31 DISORDERS OF HAIR FOLLICLES AND RELATED …

  17. Medical News Today
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324132

    Scalp infections: Causes, symptoms, treatments, and pictures

  18. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22784

    Folliculitis Decalvans: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  19. American Academy of Dermatology
    https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hidr...

    Hidradenitis suppurativa: Causes - American Academy of …

  20. Healthline
    https://www.healthline.com/.../blocked-hair-follicles

    Blocked Hair Follicles: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  21. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hi...

    Hidradenitis suppurativa - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

  22. nih.gov
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6290285

    Premature Graying of Hair: Review with Updates - PMC

  23. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22833

    Pityrosporum (Malassezia) Folliculitis: Causes & Treatment

  24. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470321

    Anatomy, Hair Follicle - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

    Jun 22, 2024 · The pilosebaceous unit is the hair follicle's structural unit, comprised of the hair follicle and its associated sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle (see Image. The Common Integument, Section of Skin). The hair …

  25. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hair-loss

    Hair loss - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

  26. ScienceDirect
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950575524000078

    The biology and molecular regulation of MeSCs in hair follicles …