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  1. German revolution of 1918–1919 - Wikipedia

    • The German revolution of 1918–1919, also known as the November Revolution (German: Novemberrevolution), was an uprising started by workers and soldiers in the final days of World War I. It quickly and almost bloodlessly brought down the German Empire, then, in its more violent second stage, the supporters of a parliamentary republic were victorious over thos… See more

    Background

    When World War I started, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) was the one socialist political … See more

    Revolution, first stage: fall of the Empire

    The sociologist Max Weber attributed the collapse of the Empire to the "hollowing out" of Germany's traditional standards during the war. The expansion of black markets also revealed the economic and monetary f… See more

    DateFirst stage: 29 October – 9 November 1918 (1 week and 4 days) · Second stage: 10 November 1918 – 11 August 1919 (9 months and 1 week)
    LocationGermany
    ResultWeimar Republic victory · Fall of the German Empire (abdication of Wilhelm II) · Suppression of leftist uprisings, including the Spartacist uprising · Establishment of the Weimar Republic
    Revolution, second stage: defeat of the radical Left

    Once the monarchy had collapsed under the pressure of the workers' and soldiers' councils, it was up to the leadership of the socialist parties in Berlin to quickly establish the new order and address the many critical problems t… See more

    Aftermath

    From 1920 to 1923, both nationalist and left-wing forces continued fighting against the Weimar Republic. In March 1920, a coup organized by Wolfgang Kapp (the Kapp Putsch) attempted to overthrow the governmen… See more

    Impact on the Weimar Republic

    The Revolution of 1918/19 is one of the most important events in the modern history of Germany, yet it is poorly embedded in the historical memory of Germans. The failure of the Weimar Republic th… See more

    Contemporary statements

    Depending on their political standpoint, contemporaries had greatly differing opinions about the revolution.
    Ernst Troeltsch, a Protestant theologian and philosopher, rather calmly remarked how the ma… See more

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