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  1. The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 to 31 December 1800. During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures. The Industrial Revolution began mid-century, leading to radical changes in human society and the environment. The European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as part of the Age of Sail. During the century, slave trading expanded across the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, while declining in Russia and China.
    Overview

    The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCI) to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the Atlantic Re… See more

    Events

    17001721: Great Northern War between the Russian and Swedish Empires.
    1701: Kingdom of Prussia declared under King Frederick I.
    1701: The Battle of Feyiase marks the rise of the Ashanti Empire.… See more

    Inventions, discoveries, and introductions

    1709: The first piano was built by Bartolomeo Cristofori
    1711: Tuning fork was invented by John Shore
    1712: Steam engine invented by Thomas NewcomenSee more

    Literary and philosophical achievements

    1703: The Love Suicides at Sonezaki by Chikamatsu first performed
    17041717: One Thousand and One Nights translated into French by Antoine Galland. The work becomes immensely popular throughout Europe.… See more

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