Dwarfism has a variety of causes, but the most common is genetic factors. Here's a breakdown: Skeletal Dysplasias: These are a group of genetic disorders that affect the way bones and cartilage grow. Achondroplasia: The most common type of dwarfism, characterized by short stature with disproportionately short arms and legs. Other types: Many other types of skeletal dysplasias exist, each with its own specific characteristics. Hormonal Conditions: Growth Hormone Deficiency: The pituitary gland produces growth hormone, which is essential for normal growth. If the pituitary gland doesn't produce enough growth hormone, it can lead to dwarfism. Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland can also affect growth. Other Causes: Chromosomal abnormalities: Such as Turner syndrome. Nutritional deficiencies: Severe malnutrition during childhood can stunt growth.