Alopecia is a broad term referring to any type of hair loss, typically caused by autoimmune conditions, stress, or genetics while balding, specifically male or female pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia), refers to gradual, genetic hair loss that follows a specific pattern, typically seen with age.

The main difference is that hair loss from alopecia areata is usually temporary. It stems from an autoimmune flare-up. However, if left untreated, you can experience frequent flare-ups that can limit your ability to regrow hair. Male pattern baldness is typically genetic and linked to an excess of testosterone.