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    PATRIARCH Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    PATRIARCH Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
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    Patriarch - definition of patriarch by The Free Dictionary
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    Patriarch - Wikipedia

    The title of "Patriarch" is assumed also by for leaders and church officers of certain Christian denominations, including some of the following:

    Hussite
    • The Patriarch of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church mainly in the Czech Republic and also some parts of Slovakia.
    Independent Catholic

    The title of "Patriarch" is assumed also by for leaders and church officers of certain Christian denominations, including some of the following:

    Hussite
    • The Patriarch of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church mainly in the Czech Republic and also some parts of Slovakia.
    Independent Catholic
    • The Patriarch of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch.
    • The Patriarch of the Apostolic Catholic Church in the Philippines.
    • The Patriarch of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church in Brazil (Not officially used, but described in a similarly holy level).
    • The Patriarch of the Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic Church in Venezuela.
    Independent Eastern Catholic
    • The Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church in Ukraine.
    Independent Eastern Orthodox
    • The Patriarch of the American Orthodox Catholic Church.
    Independent Oriental Orthodox

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    The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in certain cases also popes – such as the pope of Rome or pope of Alexandria, and catholicoi – such as Catholicos Karekin II, and Baselios Thomas I Catholicos of the East).

    The word is derived from Greek πατριάρχης (patriarchēs), meaning "chief or father of a family", a compound of πατριά (patria), meaning "family", and ἄρχειν (archein), meaning "to rule".

    Originally, a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is termed patriarchy. Historically, a patriarch has often been the logical choice to act as ethnarch of the community identified with his religious confession within a state or empire of a different creed (such as Christians within the Ottoman Empire). The term developed an ecclesiastical meaning within Christianity. The office and the ecclesiastical circumscription of a Christian patriarch is termed a patriarchate.

    Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are referred to as the three patriarchs of the people of Israel, and the period during which they lived is termed the Patriarchal Age. The word patriarch originally acquired its religious meaning in the Septuagint version of the Bible.

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    In the Catholic Church, the bishop who is head of a particular autonomous church, known in canon law as a church sui iuris, is ordinarily a patriarch, though this responsibility can be entrusted to a major archbishop, metropolitan, or other prelate for a number of reasons.

    Since the Council of Nicaea, the bishop of Rome has been recognized as the first among patriarchs. That council designated three bishops with this 'supra-Metropolitan' title: Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. In the Pentarchy formulated by Justinian I (527–565), the emperor assigned as a patriarchate to the bishop of Rome the whole of Christianized Europe (including almost all of modern Greece), except for the region of Thrace, the areas near Constantinople, and along the coast of the Black Sea. He included in this patriarchate also the western part of North Africa. The jurisdictions of the other patriarchates extended over Roman Asia, and the rest of Africa. Justinian's system was given formal ecclesiastical recognition by the Quinisext Council of 692, which the see of Rome has, however, not recognized.

    There were at the time bishops of other apostolic sees that operated with patriarchal authority beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, such as the catholicos of Selucia-Ctesephon.

    Today, the patriarchal heads of Catholic autonomous churches are:
    • The Patriarch of Rome (Pope), as head of the Latin Church
    • The Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria (Pope) and head of the Coptic Catholic Church, recognised 1824
    • The Maronite Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East and head of the Maronite Church, recognised 685
    • The Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, of Alexandria and of Jerusalem, head of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church; in his case, Antioch is the actual and sole patriarchate, Alexandria and Jerusalem are just titular (once residential) patriarchates vested in his see.
    • The Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East and head of the Syriac Catholic Church
    • The Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Baghdad and head of the Chaldean Catholic Church, recognised 1553
    • The Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia and head of the Armenian Catholic Church, recognised 1742
    Four more of the Eastern Catholic Churches are headed by a prelate known as a "Major Archbishop," a title essentially equivalent to that of Patriarch and originally created by Pope …

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    The term patriarch has also been used for the leader of the extinct Manichaean religion, initially based at Ctesiphon (near modern-day Baghdad) and later at Samarkand.

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