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    by
    [bī]
    preposition
    1. identifying the agent performing an action.
      • after a passive verb:
        "the door was opened by my cousin Annie" · "damage caused by fire"
      • after a noun denoting an action:
        "a clear decision by the electorate" · "further attacks by the mob"
      • identifying the author of a text, idea, or work of art:
        "a book by Ernest Hemingway"
    2. indicating the means of achieving something:
      "malaria can be controlled by attacking the parasite" · "they plan to provide further working capital by means of borrowing"
      • indicating a term to which an interpretation is to be assigned:
        "what is meant by “fair?”"
      • indicating a name according to which a person is known:
        "she mostly calls me by my last name"
      • indicating the means of transport selected for a journey:
        "traveling by train to Boston"
      • indicating the other parent of someone's child or children:
        "Richard is his son by his third wife"
      • indicating the sire of a pedigree animal, especially a horse:
        "a black filly by Goldfuerst"
      • (followed by a noun without an adjective) in various phrases indicating how something happens:
        "I heard by chance that she has married again" · "Anderson, by contrast, rejects this view" · "she ate by candlelight"
    3. indicating the amount or size of a margin:
      "the shot missed her by miles" · "the raising of taxes by 2.5%"
      • indicating a unit of measurement:
        "billing is by the minute"
      • in phrases indicating something happening repeatedly or progressively, typically with repetition of a unit of time:
        "colors changing minute by minute" · "the risk becomes worse by the day"
      • identifying a parameter:
        "a breakdown of employment figures by age and occupation"
      • expressing multiplication, especially in dimensions:
        "a map measuring 24 by 36 inches" · "she multiplied it by 89"
    4. indicating a deadline or the end of a particular time period:
      "I've got to do this report by Monday" · "by now Kelly needed extensive physiotherapy"
    5. indicating location of a physical object beside a place or object:
      "remains were discovered by the roadside" · "the lamp was by the door"
      • past and beyond:
        "I drove by our house"
    6. indicating the period in which something happens:
      "this animal always hunts by night"
    7. concerning; according to:
      "anything you do is all right by me" · "she had done her duty by him"
    8. used in mild oaths:
      "it was the least he could do, by God"
    adverb
    by (adverb)
    1. so as to go past:
      "a car flashed by on the other side of the road" · "he let only a moment go by"
    noun
    by (noun) · byes (plural noun)
    1. variant spelling of bye
    Origin
    Old English bī, bi, be, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bij and German bei.
    by-
    [bī]
    prefix
    1. subordinate; incidental; secondary:
      "byproduct" · "by-form"
    bye
    [bī]
    noun
    by (noun)
    1. the transfer of a competitor directly to the next round of a competition in the absence of an assigned opponent:
      "he has a bye into the second round"
    2. golf
      one or more holes remaining unplayed after a match has been decided.
    Origin
    mid 16th century (denoting a side issue or incidental matter): from by.
    Translate by to
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    Similar and Opposite Words
    preposition
    1. identifying the agent performing an action.
    2. indicating a deadline or the end of a particular time period:
      no later than
      in good time for
    3. indicating location of a physical object beside a place or object:
      by/at the side of
      abreast of
      adjacent to
      cheek by jowl with
      side by side with
      nearest to
      connected to
      connecting with
      contiguous with
      attached to
    4. concerning; according to:
    adverb
    1. so as to go past:
    noun
    1. the transfer of a competitor directly to the next round of a competition in the absence of an assigned opponent:
     
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  1. By Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    The meaning of BY is in proximity to : near. How to use by in a sentence.

     
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    Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it. Judith was sitting in a rocking-chair by the window. They stood by the side of the road. Emma was by the door. By is also an adverb.

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