• Exact causes are unknown, but may include:
• Parenting style either excessive pampering or criticism
• Genetic changes
• Changes in the structure or functioning of brain
• Risk factors may include:
• Family history of mental health disorders
• Unpleasant family life during childhood
• Conduct disorder during childhood

• Child abuse, both physical and mental and intimate partner abuse may be predisposing factors
• Avoid domestic violence
• Quit alcohol and smoking
• Avoid drug abuse

If untreated, complications may include:

• Disturbance in social relationships – at home, school, and/or office
• Depression
• Drug and/or alcohol abuse
• Suicidal thoughts

Psychotherapy is the first line of treatment. Medications may be prescribed to manage some of the symptoms.

Medication

Antidepressants: Relieves depression and anxiety in people with personality disorders.

Citalopram . Escitalopram . Paroxetine

Anti anxiety drugs: Acts on the neurotransmitters in the brain and decrease anxiety.

Alprazolam . Chlordiazepoxide . Clonazepam