To give effect to this protection, the following rules, which are additional to other applicable rules of international law, shall be observed in all circumstances. 2. The civilian population as such, …

Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (Protocol III), adopted on 8 December 2005. Protocol III came into force on 14 …

Dec 16, 2023 · 1. A civilian is any person who does not belong to one of the categories of persons referred to in Article 4 (A) (1), (2), (3) and (6) of the Third Convention and in Article 43 of this …

In practice, Additional Protocol I updated and reaffirmed the international laws of war stipulated in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 to accommodate developments of warfare since the Second …

1 day ago · Although there is no treaty that specifically regulates cluster munitions, Additional Protocol I of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions offers internationally accepted legal standards for...

May 22, 2013 · This article will explore how the balance between military necessity and humanity is drawn in humanitarian law. The focal point of this article is deducing the standard for …

Protocol I regulates conflicts of an international nature and as of October 2020 is binding on 174 States. Protocol II applies to non-international armed conflicts and as of October 2020 has...

The principle of proportionality is codified in Article 51(5)(b) of the 1977 Additional Protocol I, which reflects customary international law. 1 It prohibits attacks ‘which may be expected to …

The principle of proportionality in attack is codified in Article 51(5)(b) of Additional Protocol I, and repeated in Article 57.

The Protocol was adopted by the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts in Geneva. It was signed on …