The pharmacologic effects of beta-adrenergic agonist drugs, including albuterol, are attributable to stimulation through beta-adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3’, 5’-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP).

Mechanism of Action Albuterol and salmeterol stimulate Beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles producing bronchodilation. Beta-1 receptors can also be inadvertently stimulated, causing tachycardia.

Albuterol takes action on beta-2 adrenergic receptors by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle. These muscles surrounding the airway became narrower due to several reasons, such as mucus accumulation, or swelling of the lining of the airways. These may lead to shortness of breath, wheezing, cough, and congestion.