We reviewed our efforts in identifying the driving forces and uncovering the underlying mechanisms of cell fate decision making for differentiation and reprograming based on the landscape and flux theory of the nonequilibrium systems. While the landscape attracts the system down to the attractor sta...

We developed a theoretical framework to prove the existence and quantify the Waddington landscape as well as chreode-biological paths for development and differentiation. The cells can have states with the higher probability ones giving the different cell types. Different cell types correspond to di...

C.H. Waddington introduced the epigenetic landscape as a metaphor to represent cellular decision-making during development. Like a population of balls rolling down a rough hillside, developing cells follow specific trajectories (valleys) and eventually come to rest in one or another low-energy state...

Background The image of the "epigenetic landscape", with a series of branching valleys and ridges depicting stable cellular states and the barriers between those states, has been a popular visual metaphor for cell lineage specification - especially in light of the recent discovery that terminally d...

Waddington’s epigenetic landscape is probably the most famous and most powerful metaphor in developmental biology. Cells, represented by balls, roll downhill through a landscape of bifurcating valleys. Each new valley represents a possible cell fate and the ridges between the valleys maintain the ce...