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    Spina bifida - Wikipedia

    • Spina bifida is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. Meningocele and myelomeningocele may be grouped as spina bifida cystica. The most common location i… See more

    Types

    Occulta is Latin for 'hidden'. This is the mildest form of spina bifida. In occulta, the outer part of some of the … See more

    Signs and symptoms

    Physical signs of spina bifida may include:
    • Leg weakness and paralysis
    • Orthopedic abnormalities (i.e., club foot, hip dislocation, scoliosis)
    • Bladder and bowel control problems, including incontinence, urinary tract infecti… See more

    Cause

    Spina bifida is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The genetic component is estimated at 60–70%, but few causative genes have been identified, despite much information … See more

    Pathophysiology

    Spina bifida occurs when local regions of the neural tube fail to fuse or there is failure in formation of the vertebral neural arches. Neural arch formation occurs in the first month of embryonic development (often before the … See more

    Prevention

    There is neither a single cause of spina bifida nor any known way to prevent it entirely. However, dietary supplementation with folic acid has been shown to be helpful in reducing the incidence of spina bifida. Folate sup… See more

    Screening

    Tests are not 100% perfect, so even though screening results present negative, there is still a slight chance that spina bifida is present.
    Spina bifida can usually be detected during the second … See more

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