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  1. Phyllotaxis - Wikipedia

    • In botany, phyllotaxis (from Ancient Greek φύλλον (phĂşllon) 'leaf' and τάξις (táxis) 'arrangement') or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem. Phyllotactic spirals form a distinctive class of patterns in nature. See more

    Leaf arrangement

    The basic arrangements of leaves on a stem are opposite and alternate (also known as spiral). Leaves may also be
    With … See more

    Repeating spiral

    The rotational angle from leaf to leaf in a repeating spiral can be represented by a fraction of a full rotation around the stem.
    Alternate distichous leaves will have an angle of 1/2 of a full rotation. In beech and hazel the … See more

    Determination

    The pattern of leaves on a plant is ultimately controlled by the accumulation of the plant hormone auxin in certain areas of the meristem. Leaves become initiated in localized areas where auxin concentration is higher. … See more

    History

    Some early scientists—notably Leonardo da Vinci—made observations of the spiral arrangements of plants. In 1754, Charles Bonnet observed that the spiral phyllotaxis of plants were frequently expressed in both clockwise and … See more

    Mathematics

    Physical models of phyllotaxis date back to Airy's experiment of packing hard spheres. Gerrit van Iterson diagrammed grids imagined on a cylinder (rhombic lattices). Douady et al. showed that phyllotactic patterns e… See more

    In art and architecture

    Phyllotaxis has been used as an inspiration for a number of sculptures and architectural designs. Akio Hizume has built and exhibited several bamboo towers based on the Fibonacci sequence which exhibit phyllotaxis… See more

    See also

    • Anisophylly, a type of leaf size difference on horizontal shoots
    • Available space theory
    • Decussation
    • Fermat's spiral… See more

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