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  1. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

    • Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. If a stone grows to more than 5 millim… See more

    Other namesUrolithiasis, kidney stone, renal calculus, nephrolith, kidney stone disease,
    SymptomsSevere pain in the lower back or abdomen, blood in the urine, vomiting, nausea
    CausesGenetic and environmental factors
    Signs and symptoms

    The hallmark of a stone that obstructs the ureter or renal pelvis is excruciating, intermittent pain that radiates from the flank to the groin or to the inner thigh. This is due to the transfer of referred pain signals from the lower th… See more

    Risk factors

    Dehydration from low fluid intake is a factor in stone formation. Individuals living in warm climates are at higher risk due to increased fluid loss. Obesity, immobility, and sedentary lifestyles are other leading risk factors. … See more

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    New Treatments on the Horizon
    Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the urinary tract. They can cause severe pain, infection, and kidney damage. About half of people who have had a kidney stone will have another one within 10 years.
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