Excavation may be classified by type of material:
• Topsoil excavation
• Earth excavation… See more

Typical earthworks include road construction, railway beds, causeways, dams, levees, canals, and berms. Other common earthworks are land grading to reconfigure the topography of a site, or to stabilize slopes. … See more

In military engineering, earthworks are, more specifically, types of fortifications constructed from soil. Although soil is not very strong, it is cheap enough that huge quantities can be used, generating formidable … See more

Heavy construction equipment is usually used due to the amounts of material to be moved — up to millions of cubic metres. Earthwork construction was revolutionized by the development of the (Fresno) scraper and other … See more

Engineers need to concern themselves with issues of geotechnical engineering (such as soil density and strength) and with quantity estimation to ensure that soil volumes in the cuts match those of the fills, while minimizing … See more

• Contour trenching – Conservation technique in agriculture
• Cut and fill – Earthmoving technique to minimize labor
• Earth movers – Vehicles designed for executing construction tasks , construction… See more